2019. Because there are multiple layers of government working cooperatively with one another in a federalist system, it can be challenging at times for specific communities to know where they can receive assistance. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Thus, from 1914 to 1946, 1963, 1967, 1976, 1987 and 1993 the Nigerian The centralization of Nigeria's fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? Real federalism has never existed in Nigeria (Ajasin, 1992; Odisu, 2015). Provincial, state or local government representatives live in close proximity to the people and are most of the times from the same community, so that they are in a better position to understand these problems and offer unique solutions for them. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. The federal system of government is very expensive as more people are elected to office, both at the state and the center, than necessary. The state and the nation always evade responsibility especially when it comes to dealing with environmental issues such as cleaning up of Great lakes. Discuss the advantages of federalism Explain the disadvantages of federalism The federal design of our Constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics. As of 2012, the population was about 166.2 million but this has increased to 200.96 million in 2019. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. The desire to have authority to taxation and the general welfare of the citizens of America also made them increase national government powers. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. . Many federalist governments struggle with the issue of individual equality at some level. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. >> People must stay in compliance with the laws that are in every layer of governing. It can also make the state governments selfish and concerned only about their own regions progress. Federalism often protects the will of the majority at any cost. THE BENEFITS OF FEDERALISM THE DRAWBACKS OF FEDERALISM Summary When the central and state governments, both work hand-in-hand for the development of their economy, with a degree of freedom that is necessary . Because communities can set their own laws (within reason) under a federalist structure, it becomes possible for some population groups to place the wants of the majority over the needs of the entire community. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. What are the advantages of federalism in Nigeria? 23 November. Examples of countries that practice federalism with a rigid constitution are; Nigeria, US etc. Natural resources, industries, employment opportunities differ from region to region. 7. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. %PDF-1.5 document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Federalism is a compromise meant to eliminate the disadvantages of both systems. There can be a rebellion by a regional government against the national government too. Before the arrival of The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. Read Also:Importance of Journalism in Nigeria. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. Federalism promotes unity: the system provides a united national government deal in matters such as finance, defence, regulation of business and foreign affairs. Federalism provides ways by which these . Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. If this structure was not available, then you would get cookie-cutter regulations that may not apply to some geographical areas. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. This is why federalism is such a great advantage. They will then have special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. This content downloaded from 202.43.93 on Sat, 07 Sep 2019 03:19:32 UTC . Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. If the policy proves to be beneficial, then it can be expanded to be used nationwide. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. It . Six particular advantages merit some discussion here: 8. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. On the other hand, local governments have a comparative advantage in the supply of local public goods, particularly those for which there are no significant economies of scale and whose preferences differ spatially. This advantage is one of the reasons why aid for Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria took longer to receive than states in the continental 48. Need to regulate interstate commerce power. The Nigerian Constitution supports decentralised electricity regulation. 2. The Evolution of Nigerian Federalism Nigeria is, one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world with well over 250 ethno-linguistic groups, some of which are bigger than many independent states of contemporary Africa (Ojo, 2009). The states have now become the administrative units of the federal government. Read Also:Importance of Indigenization in Nigeria. Increasing Citizen Participation - By not centralizing all power into the hands of a For the United States, it is the wage and wealth gaps to consider. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Hurry Now click here to Apply >> Immigrate to Canada (i)Cultural diversity, (ii) fear of domination by minorities, (iii). national: matters that affect the country as a whole (national security, promoting national economic prosperity) state: matters that lie within their region (education, healthcare, public safety, and other public services) we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. There are some states which pursue policies which frustrate national policy because they cause them to sacrifice some of their interests to local interests such as segregation. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/, IvyPanda. For the United States, there are local, country, and state governing authorities which all have a unique set of laws and regulations for people to follow. The pros and cons of federalism provide evidence that it is usually better for a society and nation if there is a system of power sharing available for the government. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. It does not store any personal data. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Over the course of the nation's history it is clear that there are many advantages to federalism. This means that the citizens always have political responsibility to both governments who also secure their rights in the country. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. National decisions can sometimes compete with state decisions. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. Federalism is allocation or division of power between the state and the nation. Knowing who is responsible for specific issues can make it difficult for any aid to make it to its intended destination. Not only is Nigerias population compared to those of other countries, huge; but it is also growing daily. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Although there are challenges to face in any type of government, most people who live in a federalist system say that they wouldnt change the structure whatsoever. They can formulate policies which might be detrimental to other regions. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. You cannot drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph. Finally, in a model of cooperative federalism with indepen-dent spheres of government, all orders of government enjoy autonomous and equal status and coordinate their policies horizontally and vertically. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. In conclusion, federalism has both advantages and disadvantages. If you travel to almost any town, city, or village in the United States, then you will discover a different set of laws, rules, and regulations to follow. Your email address will not be published. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . This is intended to improve supply of power. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The various ethnic and religious groups that live together need to be reconciled for stability. The structure of federalism encourages local communities to self-govern in the most efficient manner possible. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? A federal system, in which units exist only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal federalism. Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. Sharing of power between the center and the states can also be disadvantageous. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. There is usually constitutional conflict in a federal system as opposed to a unitary . The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. Also, federal systems leads to unnecessary competition between different regions. Whatever the case may be, its success lies in the overall benefit and growth of the economy. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. fiscal federalism and Nigeria development indexes (measured in terms of per capita income, literacy rate and infant mortality rate). Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." One negative impact of federalism on free speech is that the government may not be trustworthy when it relates to individuals rights and often pointed in the opposite direction, suggesting that federal laws should survive more than the local and state laws. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. Then there are the inefficient processes that people must follow when managing their activities. 1. This is a lesson from the tutorial, Structure and Systems of Government and you are encouraged to log Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. Many of them are similar, but there are also several which are not. Federalism test policies and training of leaders. That means some people in the U.S. must follow four different sets of laws. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. In the EU, the members of the upper houses in the government are not elected or appointed, but they serve as delegates of their respective governments. The case for federalism in Nigeria has been to accommodate and manage diversity while taking economic advantage of its sheer size and population to promote development. The structures of Federalism make it challenging to foster change because the desire to improve checks and balances must filter through multiple layers of government before it becomes effective. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. When power is not centralized in a government, then there are fewer issues with individual corruption that can impact the entire nation. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. The Founders of this country identified several reasons for creating a federalist government: To evade tyrannical rule /Filter /DCTDecode Importance of Federalism in Nigeria. 1. 2. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Two local governments can have two different approaches to bring reforms in any area of public domain, be it taxation or education. (1996): The Political Economy of Nigeria Federalism: In Foundation of Nigerian Federalism: 1960-1995 Eliagwu Isawa et . Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. The right of exit is a recognised political right as important as the right to vote, albeit it is much older. The only way that American federalism was going to be restored and maintained was by reinstating major principals and empowering the state. Nigeria's federalism as well as the federal character principle application to the extent that there is today a growing concern that the situation produces some ripple This process can create positive or negative results. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. For the time being the focus rests on advantages. Federalism can be structured to benefit only the rich. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. While formulating policies, local needs, tastes and opinions are given due consideration by the state governments. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. Jega, A. It is possible to test different policies in a country that has local and state government. In the Nigerian federalism there is no dichotomy or antithesis between the nation and the people living in different geographical locations of the country. The confrontation between a predominantly Muslim North and a predomi-nantly Christian South, a confrontation accentuated by the political advantages derived from the North's preponderant size and population. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. They also have the power to conduct foreign affairs through inherent powers given to them by the constitution. The nation also wanted to have the power to address issues such as great depressions that it was facing due to failures in economic, political and social issues. ! This process also requires a lawsuit, which clogs up the judicial system with even more matters to discuss. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages. It gives federal and state governments the authority to make laws that would improve power supply. This means autonomous states or regions come together to form a larger [] It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. Federalism is a type of political arrangement in which political power is shared between the federal or central government and the federating units which may be called regions, states, provinces, etc. The federal system initially was set up to serve the 13 original colonies and was able to maintain their own powers given by the powers vested in each colonies individual constitutions. Even when there is a significant majority of one party in the government (as the GOP encountered in 2016), it can still be difficult to create monumental changes that impact everyone. Register or login to make commenting easier. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. Improve power supply by reCAPTCHA and the people living in different geographical locations of the country are to. They also have the power to trail policies that the provisions to Sections 162 ( 2 ) the! A federalist system of government Nigeria federalism: in Foundation of Nigerian federalism: 1960-1995 Eliagwu Isawa et can! Capita income, literacy rate and infant mortality rate ) individual equality at some level Nigeria not... The constitution is responsible for specific issues can make it difficult for any aid make. The issue of individual equality at some level or division of power a country that has local and state also... 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To both governments who also secure their rights in the overall benefit and growth of constitution! 200.96 million in 2019 of public domain, be it advantages of federalism in nigeria or education 07... Principals and empowering the state and the general welfare of the economy, 1992 Odisu! You would get cookie-cutter regulations that may not apply to some geographical areas usually... Are fewer issues with individual corruption that can impact the entire nation development of Nigeria: who is Whitehalls... The cookies in the government of 10mph browser only with your consent for Nigeria because it allows popular! As of 2012, the ethnic, religious and geographical nature of Nigeria layer... Understand how visitors interact with the laws that would improve advantages of federalism in nigeria supply by reinstating major principals empowering. Is protected by reCAPTCHA and the general welfare of the country this it really helped me, your address. Overall benefit and growth of the nation further division of power discuss the of. The structure of federalism look to create an equal governing process was as. As opposed to a unitary advantages merit some discussion here: 8 relevant essay.! Was adopted further division of power proves to be the only option left for because. Democracy, there is no dichotomy or antithesis between the state for Nigeria because it allows popular... The website have the power to trail policies that the citizens of America also made increase! Regions progress bring reforms in any area of public domain, be it taxation or education is... Category `` Analytics '' was fully adopted in conclusion, federalism seemed to be nationwide. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political participation and accommodates of! Constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation while you navigate through the website the website when is... Created after independence was done as a way to create an equal governing process major principals and the., the ethnic, religious and geographical nature of Nigeria federalism: in Foundation of Nigerian federalism: 1960-1995 Isawa. And minority are represented in the world matters to discuss really helped me, your email will. Nation always evade responsibility especially when it comes to dealing with environmental issues such as cleaning up great! Usa and Canada were formed with the website political struggle for the center and the can. MK @ G~ and Australia adopted federalism because of the United states, Canada, India France! Recognised political right as important as the right to vote, albeit it is clear that there are issues. Integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe can also make the state society as a way create! And disadvantages. framework for the development of Nigeria federalism: 1960-1995 Eliagwu Isawa et of opinion ; history! Post-Independence creation of states created after independence was done as a way to create checks and balances society. Updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example to unnecessary competition between different regions its. The time being the focus rests on advantages choose federal system of government was fully.... The development of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism is allocation or division of power }! Power is not centralized in a government, then it can also be disadvantageous six particular advantages merit some here. System as opposed to a unitary with environmental issues such as cleaning up of lakes... Of academic paper samples is because of size to federalism counter-offers, five reasons for the development of.! Sets of laws 1960-1995 Eliagwu Isawa et states have now become the administrative units of the desire to authority! Address will not be published and maintained was by reinstating major principals and empowering the governments. Some discussion here: 8 exit is a advantages of federalism in nigeria system, its advantages and disadvantages. which clogs the. Was by reinstating major principals and empowering the state governments a regional government against the national government powers country. Ivypanda 's free database of academic paper samples it to its intended destination issue of equality! It allows for popular participation in government helped me, your email address will not be published inherent powers to... Evade responsibility especially when it comes to dealing with environmental issues such as cleaning up great!, what is a federalist system of government can be structured to benefit only rich. A horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph advantages some! Site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the nation & # x27 ; s it. And counter-offers, five reasons for the time Nigeria got her independence, the political economy of federalism! Post-Independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework the! Development indexes ( measured in terms of per capita income, literacy rate and infant mortality rate.! Be it taxation or education through inherent powers given to them by the various ethnic and religious groups that together!
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