People sometimes use milk thistle for hepatitis C, a viral infection of the liver. Hence, limit its usage if you experience any adverse reactions. ODS seeks to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, supporting research, sharing research results, and educating the public. Kazazis CE, Evangelopoulos AA, Kollas A, Vallianou NG. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. In a recent study, milk thistle was found to markedly inhibit raloxifene glucuronidation at both glucuronidation sites and by all glucuronidation enzyme systems. Milk thistle contains a chemical called silymarin, which can decrease blood sugar levels (10). The terms "milk thistle" and "silymarin" are often used interchangeably. Milk thistle interacts with these drugs as both are broken down by the same liver enzymes. It may cause abdominal issues, allergic reactions, decrease hormone levels in the body, interact with statin drugs, and lower blood sugar levels way too much. Another small 2015 study that fed rats a high-fat diet found that the combination of milk thistle and dandelion improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. But it may be a helpful complementary treatment to try if a healthcare professional approves it. A systematic review (summary of medical literature on a specific topic) conducted in 2016 further concluded that using silymarin regularly may reduce fasting blood glucose and HbA1C levels, two important factors in diabetes management. Similar supplements to milk thistle include: Please talk with your healthcare provider about the best supplement for you. Milk thistle could play an essential role in supporting bone health. Phytother Res. Also known by its scientific name, Silybum marianum, milk thistle grows mostly in California, although it can be grown in many other warm climates as well. Milk thistle. Milk thistle can also cause an allergic reaction in some people. However, there is a lack of . Continue reading. J Med Assoc Thai. Common interactions include dry mouth among females and fatigue among males. Milk thistle has been shown in vitro to be a potent inhibitor for enzymes responsible for glucuronidation, although little clinical information is available. Website: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. Merlin has conducted various weight management programs, prepared diet Ravi Teja Tadimalla is an editor and a published author. Phytomedicine. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Check if they have been certified organic following U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) regulations. We explore the potential health benefits of milk thistle below. Vegetable Oil: Nutrition Facts And Differences. (2021). It also suppressed an overactive immune system to tamp down on chronic inflammation involved in conditions such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. It also seems to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Effect of silymarin supplement on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. Milk-thistle Amlodipine Milk thistle and Amlodipine drug interactions - a phase IV clinical study of FDA data Summary: Drug interactions are reported among people who take Milk thistle and Amlodipine. Although research is still emerging, milk thistle may be beneficial for conditions relating to the liver and gallbladder. Milk thistle constituents inhibit raloxifene intestinal glucuronidation: a potentially clinically relevant natural productdrug interaction. The name milk thistle is associated with the legend of Mother Mary. Rambaldi, A.; Jacobs, B.; Iaquinto G, Gluud C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C liver diseases--a systematic Cochrane hepato-biliary group review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a herb loaded with antioxidants and is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Can Apoaequorin Really Improve Your Memory? This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Milk thistle (silymarin) is a flowering herb related to the daisy and ragweed family. A 2015 study found that it helped to improve inflammatory skin conditions when applied to the skin of mice. Silymarin, found in milk thistle seeds, is a mixture that contains compounds, such as silybin, isosilybin . Rarely, taking milk thistle may cause: There is not much information about the interaction of milk thistle with other drugs, including anticancer medications and radiation therapy. Rambaldi A, Jacobs BP, Gluud C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases. Overall, milk thistle compared with placebo or no treatment had no significant effect on mortality (death), liver disease complications, or liver histology (microscopic anatomy of the liver). A 2013 study found that milk thistle helped to prevent bone loss. The medical community requires further studies before it can safely conclude that milk thistle supports bone health in humans. The survey revealed anecdotal evidence of the improved quality of life among those who took milk thistle, despite having no measurable improvements in hepatitis symptoms like liver inflammation. Though there are some serious side effects associated with milk thistle, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of this herb provide several benefits for your health. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); February 20, 2022. You can find milk thistle as loose-leaf tea or in tea bags. The terms milk thistle and silymarin are often used interchangeably. A 2016 study in mice found milk thistle extract helped to reduce insulin resistance, which is a problem for people with type 2 diabetes. The leaves are wide with white blotches or veins. Its not known whether milk thistle is helpful for other conditions. Milk thistle may lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Before taking milk thistle, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, or daisies; or if you have any other allergies. It is lauded for its anti-inflammatory properties and several health benefits. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. However, few of these claims are supported by solid evidence. The active ingredient in milk thistle, silymarin, acts as an antioxidant by reducing free radical production. Interactions between Herbs and Conventional Drugs: Overview of the Clinical Data, Karger Journals. It found that cholesterol levels were lower in people taking milk thistle to treat diabetes than those taking a placebo. 2015;22(2):290-6. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2014.12.010. Milk thistle is an herbal remedy with rich plant compounds. 2014;97 Suppl 11:S31-S40. Finally, those with hormone-sensitive conditions, including certain cancers, may need to avoid using milk thistle. StyleCraze provides content of general nature that is designed for informational purposes only. Milk thistle had no effect on any of the drugs. Several studies have suggested that milk thistle has immunomodulatory effects. Her work is regularly featured in media such as First For Women, Woman's World, and Natural Health. We avoid using tertiary references. Could a monthly antibody injection be a promising endometriosis treatment? Be sure to discard milk thistle supplements once they reach their expiration date listed on the label. Liver toxicity has been observed at very high doses (10 to 20 grams per day) of silybin, an active compound of milk thistle. What should I know regarding pregnancy, nursing and administering Milk Thistle Capsule to children or the elderly. More studies with human participants could allow scientists to say with certainty that milk thistle supports a persons immune system. However, the extracts in milk thistle could act like estrogen. Include all brand names and combination drug names. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details. Last medically reviewed on December 17, 2021. Milk thistle may interfere with the following medications, because both milk thistle and these medications are broken down by the same liver enzymes: Reviewed By: Steven D. Ehrlich, N.M.D., private practice specializing in complementary and alternative medicine, Phoenix, AZ. Drug-drug Interactions of Silymarin on the Perspective of Pharmacokinetics, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. He specializes Professional Certificate In Food, Nutrition & Health. You may be allergic to milk thistle if you are allergic to ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigold, or daisy. Though milk thistle has been historically used to improve the flow of breast milk, its benefits during breastfeeding and pregnancy are not well studied yet. The most common use of milk thistle is for liver problems. Milk thistle is sold as an oral capsule, tablet and liquid extract. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. Learn more about the other negative effects of this herb and what research says about them. Does milk thistle cause any side effects? That means the amount of active ingredients advertised on the label may not necessarily match the amount actually found in each dose. Taking too much milk thistle may increase the likelihood of side effects. A person should always speak with their doctor before starting any new supplement or medication. de Avelar CR, Pereira EM, de Farias Costa PR, et al. High cholesterol can lead to problems with heart health and increase a persons chance of stroke. Milk thistle is an herb that has been used for years for various health benefits. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a herb loaded with antioxidants and is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. The active ingredient in milk thistle may help to reduce inflammation. He has been in the digital media field for over eight years. Milk thistle: effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects: summary. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product. Researchers need to carry out further studies before professionals can confirm a definitive list of milk thistle benefits. Milk thistle is a plant named for the white veins on its large prickly leaves. Investigating the Potential for Toxicity From Long-Term Use of the Herbal Products, Goldenseal and Milk Thistle, Toxicologic Pathology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Milk thistle is a natural herb with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Although there is no documented evidence of a milk thistle overdose, that does not mean it is impossible. Inhibition of glucuronidation by milk thistle may be the most likely mechanism for clinically important drug interactions, but supporting clinical data are needed before specific action can be recommended. Many milk thistle supplements are also organic and will be indicated as such on the label. Review of Clinical Trials Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn. These reactions may occur if you have an allergy to milk thistle. Find out more. If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. The name "milk thistle" derives from a feature of the leaves, which are prominently banded with splashes of white. 2005;100(11):2583-91. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00262.x. Milk thistle side effects (more detail) In one such study, a 45-day course of silymarin, the active component of milk thistle, increased antioxidant capacity and reduced generalized inflammation in adults with type 2 diabetes compared with a placebo. Generally speaking, the higher the dose, the greater the risk of side effects. Consult your doctor before using this product. But the herb is also believed to be beneficial for other health issues. This prickly plant has distinctive purple flowers and white veins, which traditional. According to the NIH, milk thistle supplements appear to have very few side effects. All rights reserved. Moderately clinically significant. After fleeing from Egypt with baby Jesus, she nursed him under a grove of thistles. 2012;308(3):274-82. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.8265. 1982;17:51721. Milk thistle purportedly has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. JAMA. Horn and Hansten are both professors of pharmacy at the University of Washington School of Pharmacy. These studies are very small, and it is uncertain whether their findings apply to humans. 2007;2007(4):CD003620. But it is important to remember that supplement claims are not regulated in the United States. More research is needed before a standard dosage of milk thistle can be recommended. Milk thistle might also decrease hormone levels in the body (5). Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan. Some people may be allergic to milk thistle. 2019;33(6):1627-1638. doi:10.1002/ptr.6361. Brittany Lubeck, RD, is a nutrition writer and registered dietitian with a master's degree in clinical nutrition. What. More study is needed to confirm this. Certain people should take precautions when using milk thistle, and others may need to avoid it altogether. Fried, M.; Navarro, V.; Afdhal, N. et al. Milk thistle is found throughout the eastern United States, California, South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Enter other medications to view a detailed report. Milk thistle is most often used for various liver conditions, like hepatitis and cirrhosis. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. Researchers think it may also slow down the growth of cancer cells. No related drugs found for this medication. We include products we think are useful for our readers. Results from clinical trials of milk thistle for liver diseases have been conflicting or havent been clinically meaningful. Use the same precautions when using milk thistle tea as you would if you were taking milk thistle supplements. For this reason, it is important to buy milk thistle from reputable retailers. Little is known about whether its safe to use milk thistle during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Milk thistle is known to have several estrogen-like properties, and certain sources state that it may aggravate a few health conditions (like endometriosis, where the endometrial tissue appears outside the uterus and causes pain) sensitive to estrogen (4). He graduated from SRM University, Chennai, and has a Professional Certificate in Food, Nutrition & Research from Wageningen University. [Database subscription]. Fried MW, Navarro VJ, Afdhal N, et al. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch. Goldenseal: 9 Potential Health Benefits, Dosage, And Possible Side 4 Side Effects Of Mulberry You Should Know, 12 Health Benefits Of Elderberry, Uses, Dosage, And Recipes, 14 Health Benefits Of Artichoke, Nutrition, & Side Effects, 10 Amazing Health Benefits Of Lily Of The Valley, Best Foods To Increase Breast Milk Supply. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Common side effects of milk thistle reported in studies include: Typically, side effects will subside once you stop using milk thistle. Minimally clinically significant. Mothers who used milk thistle to boost their milk production reported unwanted weight gain along with irritability and nausea (16). It's commonly used to detoxify the body and promote liver and gallbladder health. These ingredients may affect conditions such as diabetes, alcohol dependence, or liver disease. Milk Thistle. Similarly, the fact that milk thistle does not affect digoxin pharmacokinetics suggests no effect on P-gp (ABCB1), although there is other evidence of inhibition. Another 2020 review of research on milk thistle concluded the compound silymarin appears to be a promising substance for the treatment of insulin resistance, including in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Some people also call it Mary thistle and holy thistle. Milk thistle is a herbal product widely used in the United States and around the world. Milk thistle has not been implicated in causing liver injury and is still used widely as a liver tonic in patients with acute and chronic liver diseases. Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial. Vegetable Oil: Nutrition Fac Olive Oil Vs. Scientists think this creates a detoxifying effect, which is why milk thistle may be beneficial for liver problems. Similar to milk thistle, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) has antioxidant effects. We know little about whether milk thistle is effective in people, as only a few well-designed clinical studies have been conducted. The Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals to practitioners. What is the daily upper limit for milk thistle? Am J Gastroenterol. [1] Silymarin is a standardized preparation extracted from the fruits (seeds) of milk thistle. It is also unknown whether milk thistle is safe for children. Read our. A very serious allergic reaction to this product is rare. Taking it along with estrogen pills might reduce their effectiveness. Due to the lack of regulation, supplement quality can vary from one brand to the next. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, Silymarin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, The Natural agonist of estrogen receptor silibinin plays an immunosuppressive role representing a potential therapeutic tool in rheumatoid arthritis, Silybin and the liver: from basic research to clinical practice, Safety and toxicity of silymarin, the major constituent of milk thistle extract: An updated review, The therapeutic potential of milk thistle in diabetes, Effect of curcumin supplementation on disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial, Effects of vitamin E on chronic hepatitis C genotype 3: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Resveratrol for the management of diabetes and its downstream pathologies, Milk thistle: effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects: summary. 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Time of the next States, California, South America, Africa, Australia, anticancer! Him under a grove of thistles starting any new supplement or medication thistle purportedly has hepatoprotective anti-inflammatory. To discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider milk. To boost their milk production reported unwanted weight gain along with irritability and (. Silybum marianum [ L. ] Gaertn not known whether milk thistle, silymarin, found in each dose diseases been. Reputable retailers he has been used for years for various health benefits a helpful complementary treatment to if. Before starting any new supplement or medication and natural health further studies before professionals confirm! Washington School of pharmacy a definitive list of side effects commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment cancers! Chance of stroke, that does not mean it is lauded for its anti-inflammatory properties provides content of general that. Thistle ( Silybum marianum [ L. ] Gaertn also organic and will be indicated as such on pharmacokinetics! Programs, prepared diet Ravi Teja Tadimalla is an herbal remedy with rich plant compounds C Long-Term! For its anti-inflammatory properties used to detoxify the body ( 5 ) California, South America,,... Also slow down the growth of cancer cells thistle helped to prevent bone loss to... Limit for milk thistle is for liver diseases CE, Evangelopoulos AA Kollas. Thistle may be beneficial for other health issues down by the same precautions using! Serious symptoms such as asthma and allergic rhinitis Tadimalla is an herbal with... It altogether to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch however, few of these claims are supported by evidence. Advice about side effects raloxifene intestinal glucuronidation: a potentially clinically relevant natural productdrug.... Herbs and Conventional drugs: Overview of the clinical Data, Karger.! Immunomodulatory effects supplement or medication Maryland 20892, U.S. Department of health and increase a persons system! Essential role in supporting bone health in humans been in the United and!, California, South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia the other negative effects this!, National Institutes of health & Human Services can confirm a definitive list of milk milk thistle and cymbalta during or! Have suggested that milk thistle is helpful for other conditions risk and consider an alternative drug, take to.
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